Research Paper

Amanda Epstein
Prof Nyland
Eng-101-65
November 2, 2013

Not All Families Need a Mom and a Dad

These days families come in many forms and styles.  The old family structure of a mom, a dad and 2 children is becoming less and less the norm.  Many families are broken homes consisting of divorced parents and remarried parents, these usually include step children.  Sometimes parents are not capable of raising their children, so other must do it for them.  There are grandparents who are raising their grandkids, aunts and uncles raising their nieces and nephews.  Even family friends are sometimes tasked with raising their god kids.  Each family structure brings different things to the table that benefit children. 
Though there are many family structures, many people see one type of family as a lesser option, though gay and lesbian parents can actually be a benefit to children, bringing different views and support.  There are many states in the country that restrict these people from adopting.  In Maryland, for example, single gay people can adopt, but not as a couple (Maryland).  Also, Florida just lifted the ban on gay adoption.  It used to be that gay people could foster children, but could not adopt or become legal guardians for children (Schwartz).  These parents are an asset to children because they make sure they are not missing out on anything.  Having gay or lesbian parents may even be better for the children and for the system overall.
Gay and lesbian parents have more fluid views of gender roles.  Children with two moms or two dads see both parents sharing home and child care responsibilities more evenly (Elias).  Being that there are two women or two men, the traditional male and female roles are thrown out the window.  Women have to do the traditional men roles, such as yard work, bringing home pay, and being a handyman.  Household led by men have to assume female roles such as, cook, caregiver, and house worker.  These modern views on gender break down the barriers placed on each gender, and allow boys and girls to aspire to be anything they want to be.  For instance, traditionally nurses have been females, but men are starting to take on those jobs of nurses also.  Boys raised by lesbian mothers are like any other boys, but they also tend to be more sensitive and sympathetic to other’s feelings (Elias).  At an early age children’s views are not set in stone, they are shaped by the people and world around them as they grow.  Boys and girls are encouraged to play with all kinds of toys, not just the ones that are for girls or for boys.  Girls can play with blocks and trucks, just as much as boys can play house and play with dolls.  Some people have the view that a child needs both a make and a female role model to develop healthy gender roles.  In contrast, there are many children in the world who only have their mother or their father.  They get role models from other areas of life, such as teachers, aunts and uncles and family friends can be that other role model for these kids. 
This role sharing passes down to children, showing them what is expected of them, and translates into career choices.  Children learn at an early age that anyone can do anything, just because they are male or female doesn’t mean they are limited to what they can and cannot do.  According to Marilyn Elias, a reporter for USA Today, research has shown that children raised by lesbian parents aspire to careers that are less typical for their gender.  Heterosexual mothers also have a more rigid views and expectations when it comes to how boys and girls should behave (Elias).
Any child who gets placed with a gay couple will have a higher likelihood of having an open mind, it is the parents that teach views to the children.  There was a study done of 46 adults, and 28 of them said they feel they are more open minded because they had gay parents (Pappas).  Children are brought up in a world where differences are celebrated, not condemned.  They are taught from an early age that everyone is different and that is what makes everyone unique.  Our culture as a whole, sees anyone who is different as a lesser person or as something that is wrong and should be shut out.  Open minded children look at differences as just a part of who someone is, some don’t even see the differences between themselves and others.  They are more likely to look past racial and religious differences when choosing friends and partners.  The majority of people in the world have a prejudice towards one or more group of people, and many of them are based on stereotypes or one bad interaction.  One bad experience with a person of color, for example, can taint a person’s view of all African Americans, even though it is not a representation of the entire race. 
Along with being open minded, comes an open relationship with parents.  The households are more open when it comes to conversations with children, and secrets are rare.  Friedrichs notes that gay and lesbian parents tend to keep less secrets from their children and have more open and honest discussions.   She also says that they are more likely to discuss sensitive topics, such as sexuality and discrimination (friedrichs).  Children with gay and lesbian parents usually have more questions because their world looks different than that of other children.  There are Mother’s Day and Father’s Day, but what about the children who do not have a mother and a father.  Questions will arise especially during these times, and the parents will be more open to having those conversations with their children. 
  As children go through life, they are not blind to the prejudices of people around them and the children of these unorthodox families see more firsthand than other children.  Seeing this cruelty shows them how to act towards and respect others.  Growing up in a world where differences are celebrated, kids are more understanding of other’s problems.  My cousin Sarah, who has two moms, told me that she feels she understands other people’s problems more because of everything her moms had to go though (Braker).  Hate crimes and jokes are often aimed at the gay population, and are not nice to them.  When people do not understand something, they make fun of it rather than try to understand it.  The gay and lesbian community has always been under attack from outsiders.  Children are not sheltered from the ridicule from peers and the rest of the world.  They become stronger and more able to let the remarks roll off their backs and not take them personally.  Some critics of gay families say that their children will be ridiculed and picked on more.  Sharon Jayson, a psychology expert, comments that though these kids are teased more about their family, but overall they are not teased any more than any other children (Jayson).  The gay and lesbian community is a strong and supportive asset for these children.  The community rallies together and supports each family who needs it.  There are pride events each year, magazines published for these families and support centers all across the country.  Elias states that kids with a greater amount of love, support and acceptance will be able to bounce back from the torment of others.  She also comments that some children claim that the strong community becomes their rock as they get older (Elias).
Most parents want their children to be anything they want to be, while secretly hoping they won’t be this or that.  On the other hand, gay and lesbian parents really do wish the best for their children.  If their children turn out to be gay themselves, gay parents will be there to support their child though the hardships that life can cause.  Straight parents are usually not so supportive, there have been many reports of teen suicides and parents kicking their children out if they choose that lifestyle.  Though not all teen suicides are because they are gay, there are approximately 4600 suicides in people between the ages of 10 and 24 (Center).  Organizations, such as the Trevor Project, have been set up to give teenagers a place to call or turn to when they feel like they have nowhere to turn.
Gay couples cannot have that “oops” baby, they have a lot of hurdles to jump over in order to get their family.  Heterosexual couples have to worry about unplanned pregnancy and having children they were not ready for or did not want.  Between teenage pregnancies and unplanned pregnancies there are thousands of children in the world who are not loved or cared for.  Stephanie Pappas, a reporter for the Huffington Post, makes the point that the accidental pregnancy rate is up to almost 50 percent.  There are two options available for gay and lesbian couples, adoption or a version of reproductive technology.  Lesbian couples can use a sperm bank and artificial insemination, and gay couples can use surrogates.  While heterosexual couples can have children whenever they want, gay and lesbian couples have to go through months, sometimes even years, of steps, tests and scrutiny to start their family.  It is for that reason that the gay and lesbian couples treasure their children more.  Their children benefit because they are wanted and doted upon, they are the center of their parent’s world.  As children get older and start to understand the biology of having babies, they learn to appreciate what their parents had to go through to welcome them into their family.  Gay and lesbian couples want their children to have the best of everything, from material things to education.  Most of these families tend to be more well off, both adoption and reproductive technology costs can be anywhere from $15,000 and up.  Couples either have to have the money in the bank or go into debt trying to create their family.  The money couples have usually go towards giving their children all the advantages they can afford, giving them all the tools they need to succeed in life. 
A lot of gay people know what it feels like to be unwanted, to be left behind, so they can connect with these children.  Since gay couples cannot have their own biological children, they are more open to helping unwanted children, and giving them their forever home.  Approximately 10 percent of children adopted by gay and lesbians were over the age of 6, and many couples adopted from different races (Same-Sex).  Homosexual couples have been victims of prejudice, and often times have had to endure feelings of abandon, so they know how important it is to give a child unconditional love and support.  So many children who are in need of homes feel guilt and abandonment issues, so much so that it takes more love and support to help them feel loved and secure.  Any child who needs parents should be able to have them, and gay parents are available.  There are children available for adoption, and many gay couples who are looking to open their homes, lives, and hearts to a child.  It is a much better life for these children to have gay parents, and be raised by these parents, than to spend their life in the foster care system until they age out.
There are hundreds of thousands of children in the foster care system all around the world.  At the end of September 2012, there were almost 400,000 children in the foster care system, and the average age of the children was 9 years old (United States).  The children in foster care have lost one or both of their parents, and need someone to care for them.  Some are placed in foster homes, some are living with other family members, and others are in state run institutions.  They range in age from newborn to age twenty, with an average age of 9.3 (United States).  Children over the age of three are less desired by couples looking to adopt, many of whom want a healthy baby they can call their own.  These older children are harder to place in homes and spend many years in the foster care system.  As many as 27,000 children age out of the foster care system each year (United States).  There is a lot of money spent on educating potential parents and caring for these children.  If more people were allowed to adopt then less money would have to be spend from the government on these institutions.
More and more gay and lesbian couples are deciding to start their family.  They have to weigh the options as to how they want to do it, and the consequences of their decisions.  Consideration has to be given to the support they will have for their family and the obstacles they will face.  These families are strong and confident, and bring things to the table that many heterosexual couples do not.  Allowing these couples that want children to have their families, gives the children advantages in their life.  Many of the children would spend their lives under state care if not adopted by these untraditional families.  Gay and lesbian parents offer these children the same securities of traditional families and some children have greater advantages to traditional upbringing.  Allowing gay and lesbians to adopt children will lessen the burden to the foster care system and help couples start their families. 








Works Cited
Braker, Sarah. Message to the author. 28 Oct. 2013. E-mail.
 Center for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., 15 Aug. 2012. Web. 31 Oct. 2013. <http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pub/youth_suicide.html>.
Elias, Marilyn. "Growing up with Gay Parents." USA Today 23 Aug. 2001: n. pag. USA Today. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
Friedrichs, Ellen. "A Family Does Not Have to Include a Mother and a Father." Gay Parenting: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.
Jayson, Sharon. "Gay couples: A close look at this modern family." USA Today 5 Nov. 2009, Life: 06D. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.
 Maryland Adoption Laws. Human Rights Campaign, 9 Dec. 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Pappas, Stephanie. "Gay Parents Better Than Straight Parents? What Research Says." Huffington Post 16 Jan. 2012: n. pag. Huffington Post. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
- - -. "Same-Sex Parenting is Beneficial." Parenting: n. pag. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.
Schwartz, John. "Florida Court Calls Ban on Gay Adoptions Unlawful." New York Times 22 Sept. 2010: n. pag. New York Times Online. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.
United Sates Department of Health and Human Services. Administration for Children and Families. Administration on Children, Youth and Families. "AFCARS Report #20". Children's Bureau. July 2013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013


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